Menadžment poslovnih procesa i znanja u hrvatskim poduzećima

Contemporary companies function in constantly changing and highly turbulent business environment which is the cause of a constant need for change and learning at individual, group, organizational as well as interorganizational level (61). Organizational learning is considered to be one of the most promising concepts in modern managerial literature. According to de Geus ‘ability to learn faster than your competitors might be the only sustainable competitive advantage you have’ (11). Dimovski (12) provides an overview of previous research and identifies four perspectives on organizational learning. His model manages to merge informational, interpretational, strategic and behavioral approach to organizational learning and defines it as a process of information acquisition, information interpretation and resulting behavioral and cognitive changes, which should in turn have an impact on organizational performance. In recent research, another measurement variable for organizational learning emerged – Information quality (18). Another research topic introduced in this research was determination and evaluation of the business process orientation construct. Although definitions of the business process orientation vary, we adopt the McCormack’s and Johnson’s (2001) definition of process orientation: An organization that, in all its thinking, emphasizes process as opposed to hierarchies with a special emphasis on outcomes and customer satisfaction. McCormack and Johnson (2001) conducted an empirical study to explore the relationship between BPO and enhanced business performance. The research results showed that BPO is critical in reducing conflict and encouraging greater connectedness within an organization, while improving business performance. The more business process oriented an organization, the better it performs both from an overall perspective as well as from the perspective of the employees. The BPO construct describes a four-step pathway for systematically advancing business processes along the maturity continuum (Ad Hoc, Defined, Linked, and Integrated level). Each step builds on the work of the previous steps to apply improvement strategies that are appropriate to the current maturity level. It is important to note that trying to skip maturity levels is counter-productive, since each level builds a foundation from which to achieve the subsequent level. An organization must evolve through these levels to establish a culture of process excellence. The goal of our contribution was to test differences in the way companies learn and perceive their business process orientation in Slovenia and Croatia. During September and October 2005 questionnaires were distributed to Slovenian and Croatian companies with more than 50 employees. In Slovenian case, 203 completed questionnaires were returned (which accounts for 16.5% response rate) while in Croatia 202 completed questionnaires were returned to the research group (which accounts for 11.5% response rate). Received questionnaires from both countries allow us to compare the results and to implicitly test the impact of various country-based factors on the organizational learning phenomena. Using data gathered from two independent samples (Slovenia and Croatia) analysis of variance method and t-test were used in order to get the answer to our research question relating to differences in organizational learning and business process orientation between Slovenian and Croatian companies. Results indicate that Slovenian and Croatian companies differ only in 17 out of 48 items considering organizational learning research – especially in the way they acquire information and the way they perceive behavioral and cognitive changes currently under place. Croatian companies are more outward directed when acquiring information and are witnessing more turbulent changes in their internal as well as external business environment. Nevertheless, there are much more similar traits in the way Slovenian and Croatian companies learn than there are dissimilarities. However, there are some indications that Slovenian companies already bridged the transition period, while majority of Croatian companies still has to cross that bridge. Data analysis considering second part of the research revealed some important aspects of business process orientation in Slovenia and Croatia. It showed that Slovenian companies have reached slightly higher maturity level than Croatian companies, which was not surprising considering Croatian contemporary history. Though statistically significant, the difference is not large and the general state of the BPO in both countries is promising. Still, a lot is left to change and improve in order to transform the companies into process-oriented ones. The investigation also revealed some differences between both counties. Slovenian companies give more emphasis to the quality of process data and have monitoring and control systems in place to assure it. Besides that jobs are more frequently multidimensional and not just simple tasks in Slovenia then in Croatia. This is important aspect of process orientation whereby employees need to be equipped with wide arsenal of knowledge and skills in order to participate in different areas of a process. To realize BPO projects, most companies use different business process modelling/management methods and tools, which integrate components for static and dynamic modelling, measuring and monitoring the performance of the processes, as well as enabling the transformation of business process diagrams into tailor-made applications supporting the execution of workflows. The focus of this paper is to discuss the application of business process oriented concepts in different areas, depending on different projects' objectives and goals. The paper provides the results of a search in literature as well as a summary and comparison of features concerning business process modelling and business process management tools, placing them within an empirically derived framework.menadžment poslovnih procesa, menadžment znanja

Matematičko modeliranje demografskih procesa

U ovom radu predstavljeni su matematički modeli koji opisuju promjene u veličini te u dobnom i spolnom sastavu stanovništva uzrokovane demografskim procesima kao što su rađanje, umiranje i migracije. Modeli koji opisuju prirodno kretanje stanovništva predstavljaju temelj za razvoj složenijih modela. Analizom modela prirodnog rasta koji dijeli stanovništvo prema spolu zaključujemo da stanovništvo može postati stabilno, odnosno da je omjer muškaraca i žena u stanovništvu jednak, jedino ako su za oba spola stope nataliteta i mortaliteta jednake. U modelima prirodnog rasta dvaju populacija podijeljenih prema dobi promatramo njihove dobne distribucije u slučajevima kada se njihove dobno specifične stope fertiliteta, odnosno mortaliteta razlikuju. Takvi modeli zanemaruju migracije i pretpostavljaju konstantnu stopu rasta pa se često ne mogu primijeniti u stvarnim situacijama. U posljednjem poglavlju predstavljeni su modeli koji su prikladniji za opisivanje stvarnog kretanja stanovništva. U svrhu modeliranja prema dobi, stanovništvo je podijeljeno u tri dobne skupine te su promatrane interakcije među grupama. Testiranjem linearnog determinističkog modela na stvarnim podacima o kretanju stanovništva Hrvatske, zaključujemo da se testirani model može koristiti za opisivanje kretanja stanovništva u Hrvatskoj.The aim of this thesis is to present various mathematical models describing human population changes in size and changes in age and sex composition due to demographic processes such as births, deaths and migrations. Models of natural growth of the population are the foundation for the development of more complicated models. By analyzing the models of sex composition in which migrations are excluded, we conclude that the only way a population could become stabilized (i.e. to have the same number of males and females) is if the birth and death rates of both sexes are equal. In natural growth models of two populations divided into age groups, we observe their age distributions when their fertility schedules or mortality schedules differ. These models do not take migrations into account and also in these models constant growth rate is assumed, so they often cannot be applied to real populations. In the last chapter, we present mathematical models which are more convenient for describing the actual changes in population. For the purpose of modeling the age composition, the population is divided into three age groups and interactions between these groups are observed. By comparing the results of linear deterministic model with the actual data of the population of Croatia, we conclude that the tested model can be employed to describe population movement in Croatia

Numeričko modeliranje procesa zavarivanja

Tema ovog rada je problem numeričkog određivanja temperaturnog polja, te zaostalih naprezanja i deformacija koje su posljedica procesa zavarivanja. Potrebno je odrediti optimalan numerički model koji daje odgovarajuće rezultate uz najkraće vrijeme računanja i pripreme modela. Analize su provedene metodom konačnih elemenata u komercijalnom programskom paketu Abaqus 6.13-4. Rad je podijeljen u osam cjelina. U prvom, uvodnom poglavlju prezentiran je cilj ovoga rada i ukratko opisan postupak zavarivanja. U drugom poglavlju rada dan je pregled zaostalih naprezanja i deformacija te objašnjen njihov nastanak na pojednostavljenom modelu sa tri štapa. Ukratko je pojašnjena problematika do koje dolazi uslijed promjene geometrije konstrukcije nakon provođenja zavarivanja. U trećem poglavlju izložena su teoretska znanja potrebna za razumijevanje pojava koje se javljaju u procesu zavarivanja. Dan je pregled osnova termodinamike i elasto-plastičnog ponašanja materijala uz analitičke izraze. Četvrti dio rada ukratko opisuje metodu konačnih elemenata te sekvencijalno i potpuno spregnutu metodu rješavanja nelinearnih toplinsko-mehaničkih problema. Opisana je geometrijska i materijalna nelinearnost te inkrementalno-iterativna metoda kojom se rješavaju nelinearni problemi. U petom poglavlju prikazana je numerička formulacija i potencijalni numerički problemi konačnih elemenata korištenih u ovom radu te načini kojima se ti problemi izbjegavaju. Također, kroz dva toplinska i dva mehanička problema korišteni konačni elementi su verificirani. U šestom poglavlju dane su karakteristike materijala i opisan je materijalni model. Prikazan je postupak toplinske i mehaničke simulacije procesa zavarivanja klasičnom metodom te korištena pojednostavljenja poput reducirano opisanog toplinskog toka i smanjenog broja prolaza elektrode. Numerička analiza izvršena je sekvencijalno spregnutom toplinsko-mehaničkom analizom sa potpunim 3D modelom, potpunim ljuskastim i kombiniranim 3D ljuskastim modelom. Prikazani su dobiveni rezultati i definiran je optimalan numerički model. Sedmo poglavlje ukratko opisuje metodu rađanja elemenata. Prikazani su rezultati 3D i kombiniranog modela dobiveni ovom metodom i dana je usporedba sa klasičnom metodom. U osmom poglavlju prikazani su rezultati toplinske i mehaničke analize dobiveni različitim geometrijskim modeliranjem ploča. U zadnjem, devetom poglavlju izveden je zaključak temeljen na dobivenim rezultatima provedenih simulacija. Ukratko je opisan cijeli rad te zapažanja uočena tijekom izrade rada

Matematičko modeliranje demografskih procesa

U ovom radu predstavljeni su matematički modeli koji opisuju promjene u veličini te u dobnom i spolnom sastavu stanovništva uzrokovane demografskim procesima kao što su rađanje, umiranje i migracije. Modeli koji opisuju prirodno kretanje stanovništva predstavljaju temelj za razvoj složenijih modela. Analizom modela prirodnog rasta koji dijeli stanovništvo prema spolu zaključujemo da stanovništvo može postati stabilno, odnosno da je omjer muškaraca i žena u stanovništvu jednak, jedino ako su za oba spola stope nataliteta i mortaliteta jednake. U modelima prirodnog rasta dvaju populacija podijeljenih prema dobi promatramo njihove dobne distribucije u slučajevima kada se njihove dobno specifične stope fertiliteta, odnosno mortaliteta razlikuju. Takvi modeli zanemaruju migracije i pretpostavljaju konstantnu stopu rasta pa se često ne mogu primijeniti u stvarnim situacijama. U posljednjem poglavlju predstavljeni su modeli koji su prikladniji za opisivanje stvarnog kretanja stanovništva. U svrhu modeliranja prema dobi, stanovništvo je podijeljeno u tri dobne skupine te su promatrane interakcije među grupama. Testiranjem linearnog determinističkog modela na stvarnim podacima o kretanju stanovništva Hrvatske, zaključujemo da se testirani model može koristiti za opisivanje kretanja stanovništva u Hrvatskoj.The aim of this thesis is to present various mathematical models describing human population changes in size and changes in age and sex composition due to demographic processes such as births, deaths and migrations. Models of natural growth of the population are the foundation for the development of more complicated models. By analyzing the models of sex composition in which migrations are excluded, we conclude that the only way a population could become stabilized (i.e. to have the same number of males and females) is if the birth and death rates of both sexes are equal. In natural growth models of two populations divided into age groups, we observe their age distributions when their fertility schedules or mortality schedules differ. These models do not take migrations into account and also in these models constant growth rate is assumed, so they often cannot be applied to real populations. In the last chapter, we present mathematical models which are more convenient for describing the actual changes in population. For the purpose of modeling the age composition, the population is divided into three age groups and interactions between these groups are observed. By comparing the results of linear deterministic model with the actual data of the population of Croatia, we conclude that the tested model can be employed to describe population movement in Croatia

INFORMATION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY: RESOURCE MODEL DESIGN

Metodika projektiranja informacijskih sustava usmjerena je na oblikovanje modela procesa, modela podataka i modela resursa kroz četiri faze razvitka: planiranje, analizu, oblikovanje i konstrukciju. Suvremeni CASE alati sadrže komponente za modeliranje procesa i podataka ali ne i resursa. ulazak otvorenih sustava i Korisnik/Poslužitelj obrade podataka povećava samostalnost i nezavisnost investitora ali, i odgovornost projektanata. Stoga se u radu predlaže metoda za oblikovanje modela resursa te odrednice za arhitekture i standardne zahtjeve za resurse pri orijentaciji na otvorene sustave.The objective of information system development methodologies is design of three models: process model, data model and resource model during the stage of planning, analysis, designand construction. CASE too/s contain components for process and data model design but there is no component for resource model design. Implementation of open system architecture and client/server data processing technology results with: (1) higher indenpendency of investitors, and (2) higher responsibility of designers. Procedure for resource model design and recommendation and resource requirements for "open system" implementation is proposed in this article

Mathematical Model of the Electricity Prices on the Spot Market

Cijena se na tržištu električne energije neprestano mijenja. Njezina je buduća kretanja zbog karakteristika električne energije relativno teško predvidjeti. Zbog toga se primjenjuju sljedeća tri procesa: proces kretanja budućih cijena električne energije po geometrijskom Brownovom gibanju, proces kretanja prosječnih vrijednosti cijena električne energije i proces kretanja budućih cijena električne energije s povremenim vršnim vrijednostima. U radu su obrađena sva tri procesa, čime je obuhvaćena njihova definicija, formulacija, primjena te navođenje prednosti i nedostataka.The price on the electricity market is constantly changing. Owing to the characteristics of electricity the future movement of the price is relatively hard to predict. For this reason the following three processes are applied: the process of the future electricity price movement according to the geometric Brownian motion, the mean reversion process, and the price spikes process. The paper discusses all three processes, including their definitions, formulas and applications, as well as their upsides and downsides

Prikaz metodoloških i analitičkih pristupa u mikrorazvojnim istraživanjima

Ovaj rad opisuje metodologiju mikrorazvojnih istraživanja, te sadrži pregled najčešćih pristupa u analizi mikrorazvojnih podataka. Pod mikrorazvojnim istraživanjima podrazumijeva se metodološki pristup u kojem se ispitanici opetovano u relativno kratkim vremenskim intervalima izlažu situaciji učenja kako bi se istraživali procesi promjena u znanju, vještinama i razumijevanju (Granott i Parziale, 2002). Blizina i intenzitet opažanja u tim istraživanja, kao i bogatstvo prikupljenih (kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih) podataka, omogućuje pristup tekućim procesima učenja, kao i praćenje toga kako učenici konstruiraju novo znanje i razvijaju strategije rada na zadacima. Zbog detaljnosti podataka o doživljajima i ponašanjima pojedinih ispitanika u vrijeme promjena, metoda je prikladna za ispitivanje individualnih razlika u procesima učenja i razvoja. Složenost metodologije mikrorazvojnih istraživanja nije, međutim, dovoljno praćena uporabom prikladnih analitičkih postupaka. Priroda i struktura podataka iz mikrorazvojnih istraživanja ne odgovara zahtjevima standardnih analitičkih metoda (npr. analizi varijance), a primjenom isključivo deskriptivnih analiza i grafičkog prikazivanja podataka ispuštaju se važni podaci o procesima promjena, i onemogućuje se testiranje složenih istraživačkih hipoteza. Statističko modeliranje mikrorazvojnih podataka predstavlja obećavajuće analitičko rješenje, ali tek treba ući u širu primjenu. U radu su ukratko prikazani primjeri modeliranja podataka koje predlažu Cheshire i sur. (2007). (IN ENGLISH: This article describes a microgenetic methodology and presents an overview of the most frequently-used approaches in microgenetic data analysis. The microgenetic method is a methodology in which subjects are repeatedly exposed to learning situations in relatively short-time spans, which allows for the investigation of the process of change in knowledge, abilities and understanding (Granott and Parziale, 2002). The density and intensity of observations, as well as the richness of data (both qualitative and quantitative) gathered in the research, allow access to ongoing processes of learning and insight into how learners construct new knowledge and develop strategies on tasks. Because of the rich data produced on learners' experiences and reactions in the period of change, this method is applicable for examining individual differences in the process of learning and development. However, the complexity of microgenetic methodology is often not complemented with the application of adequate analytic procedures. While the nature and structure of microgenetic data do not adequately correspond with the requirements of standard analytic methods (e.g. ANOVA), the exclusive use of descriptive analysis and graphical representation of data neglects important data on change processes and makes testing of complex research hypotheses impossible. Statistical modeling of microgenetic data is a promising analytic tool, but is still not used widely. This article introduces examples of such modeling, as proposed by Cheshire et al. (2007).

Simulacijsko modeliranje kao osnova metodologije projektiranja brodograđevnog proizvodnog procesa

In this research a simulation modeling based methodology for shipbuilding production process design is suggested. It is expected from suggested methodology to give faster, better and more efficient tool for designers of complex production processes, with special focus on shipbuilding production processes design. Within the first part of research, against available resources, various methods, techniques and tools used in production process design practice, are investigated with special focus on critical analysis of simulation modeling method appliance opportunities. In continuing, simulation modeling method, as basis of suggested methodology, is investigated and described regarding its special characteristics, advantages and reasons for application, especially in shipbuilding production process. Furthermore, suggested methodology for production process design procedure is described in details. The appliance of suggested methodology for designing a real robotized profile cutting process line within specific shipyard production process is demonstrated. Finally, methodology is tested and evaluated through comparison with installed robotized profile cutting line in specific shipyard production process. On grounds of this research and conclusions droved from comparison with real installation in specific shipyard, directions for further research are suggested. * Defended Doctoral Thesis (2009)U istraživanju je predložena metodologija projektiranja brodograđevnog proizvodnog procesa koja se temelji na primjeni metode simulacijskog modeliranja kao osnove predložene metodologije. Pri tome, od predložene metodologije se očekuje da projektantima procesa omogući brži, efikasniji i kvalitetniji pristup projektiranju složenosti i dinamike kompleksnih proizvodnih procesa, s posebnim naglaskom na brodograđevni proizvodni proces. U prvom su dijelu rada, prema dostupnim izvorima, istraživane metode, tehnike i alati koji se općenito primjenjuju kod problema projektiranja proizvodnih procesa s posebnim osvrtom na kritičku analizu mogućnosti primjene metode simulacijskog modeliranja. U nastavku ovog istraživanja, opisano je simulacijsko modeliranje kao osnova predložene metodologije projektiranja sa svojim osnovnim karakteristikama, razlozima primjene i sa posebnim osvrtom na brodograđevni proizvodni proces. Nadalje, opisana je procedura provođenja predložene metodologije projektiranja brodograđevnog proizvodnog procesa u sedam uzastopnih faza. Osnovana metodologija je primijenjena na konkretnom primjeru brodograđevnog proizvodnog procesa za projektiranje potpuno nove robotizirane linije za obradu profila. U konačnici, metodologija je verificirana i potvrđena usporedbom sa njezinim realiziranim postavom u stvarni proizvodni proces promatranog brodogradilišta. Temeljem ovog istraživanja i zaključaka iz usporedbe sa stvarnim proizvodnim procesom, predlažu se smjernice daljnjeg istraživanja. * Obranjena doktorska disertacija (2009.